manuais OCOSMO 3D

Ocosmo 3D Manual do Utilizador (261 páginas)

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Índice

Cosmo 3D

1

Programmer’s Guide

1

Contents at a Glance

3

Contents

10

List of Figures

19

List of Tables

21

About This Guide

23

Related Reading

25

Who Should Read This Guide

25

Style Conventions

26

Scene Graph Base Classes

28

The csObject Class

29

Runtime Typing

30

The csContainer Class

31

The csField Class

31

The csNode Class

32

The csGroup Class

34

The csTransform Class

35

Group node

36

Leaf node

36

Transform node

36

The csShape Class

37

The csAppearance Class

37

The csGeometry Class

37

The csEnvironment Classes

38

2. Creating Geometries

41

Geometry Terminology

42

Using Large Geometries

42

Creating csGeoSet Objects

43

Field Default

45

Attribute Bindings

46

Setting Attribute Bindings

47

Setting Attributes

48

Indexing Attributes

49

When to Index Attributes

50

Specifying Attributes

52

Setting Attributes Example

54

Editing Attribute Arrays

55

Using csPointSet

56

Using csLineSet

57

Using csIndexedLineSet

57

Using csLineStripSet

57

Using csTriSet

57

Using csTriFanSet

58

Using csTriStripSet

58

Using csPolySet

59

Using csQuadSet

59

Using csIndexedFaceSet

59

State Machine

62

Inheritance Mask

62

Accessing States

63

Traversal Order

64

Changing the Context

65

Using csAppearance

66

Texture Map Coordinates

68

Applying a Texture

69

Specifying a Texture Image

70

Non Perspective Perspective

71

Texture Environment Settings

72

Color Components

73

Using the Default

74

Setting the csTexGen Mode

76

Enabling Texture Generation

76

Material Settings

77

Filling Geometries

78

Shade Model Settings

79

Transparency Settings

79

4. Scene Graph Nodes

81

What Is a Node

82

Leaf Nodes

83

Group Nodes

84

Using csBillboard

86

Must specify

87

5. Building a Scene Graph

91

Creating Scene Graphs

92

Creating A Sample Scene Graph

94

Diagramming Scene Graphs

95

Molecules

96

Hydrogen

96

Figure 5-5 Torso Subgraph

97

Altering Scene Graphs

99

Loading a VRML Scene Graph

100

Saving Scene Graphs

101

6. Placing Shapes in a Scene

103

Placing Transform Nodes

105

Setting the Transformation

106

Ordering Transformations

107

Cosmo 3D Matrices

108

7. Traversing the Scene Graph

109

Action Types

110

Rendering the Scene

111

Playing Sound Files

112

Top-Down Traversals

112

8. Lighting and Fog

115

Limiting the Scope of Lights

118

The Scope of the Light Array

118

Using Fog in Scenes

119

Enabling Fog

120

How to Use Fog

121

9. Viewing the Scene

123

Chapter 9: Viewing the Scene

124

Figure 9-1 Viewport

124

Figure 9-2 Aspect Ratio

125

>

128

Setting the Clip Planes

129

Setting the Fields of View

129

Offsetting the Fields of View

129

10. Scene Graph Engines

133

Input and Output Fields

134

Engine Types

135

Key values, attributes

136

Key values

137

Attribute

138

Keys and Key Values

139

Engines That Change Shapes

143

11. Sensors

147

Enabling csTimeSensor

148

Updating csTimeSensor

149

Setting Cycle Duration

150

Continuing Timer Events

151

Virtual Sphere

152

Setting Up csSphereSensor

154

Setting Up csPlaneSensor

156

Scope of csPlaneSensor

157

Limiting Translations

158

Local or World Translations

159

Chapter 11: Sensors

160

Scope of csTouchSensor

161

Hit Events

162

12. User Interface Mechanisms

163

Manipulating the Window Stack

164

Handling User Input

165

Selecting Screen Objects

166

Using Pick()

167

Creating Your Own Window

169

13. Multiprocessing

171

Implementing Multiprocessing

172

Starting Threads

173

Thread Blocking

174

Multithreaded Example

176

14. Optimizing Rendering

177

Face Culling

178

Back Patch Culling

178

Back Patch Culling Advantage

179

Method of Calculation

180

Updating the View Vector

181

Choosing the Type of Normal

182

Using Back Patch Culling

183

Back Patch Culling Code

185

Culling the View Frustum

186

Figure 14-5 csLOD Ranges

188

Indexing csGeoSet Attributes

190

Overview

194

Playing the Sound File

196

Sound direction

197

Reverse Direction Sound

198

How to Play a Sound File

199

Specifying Audio Files

200

Field Description

201

A. Cosmo Basic Types

217

Array Storage Class Types

218

Array Classes

219

Vector Classes

221

Vector Math

222

Vector Methods

222

Transforming csVec3f Vectors

224

Bounding Volumes

225

Field Classes

226

Other Math Classes

229

Appendix A: Cosmo Basic Types

230

Source Executable

231

Figure B-1 Cube Application

232

Cube.cxx Explained

233

Scene Graph for Cube.cxx

241

Creating the User Interface

244

Rendering World Space

244

C. Cosmo 3D Class Hierarchy

247

Tell Us About This Manual

261

Three Ways to Reach Us

261

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